| There are many causes of environmental pollution. | | | | apply. Yes, today our lungs are being poisoned with |
| Most infamously, there are the sealed drums of toxic | | | | coal, and we are planting the seeds of many causes |
| waste material produced as a byproduct of nuclear | | | | of environmental pollution. But tomorrow, we'll have |
| reactions. There are the smog and toxins that float | | | | something better on our hands. |
| through the air, caused by burning industrial | | | | The first step in that revolution was plastics. No |
| smokestacks and the overuse of petroleum-burning | | | | longer was it necessary to harvest elephant ivory or |
| vehicles and other machines. There's slash-and-burn | | | | rubber tree plants in order to get materials that could |
| deforestation with the additional airborne toxins it | | | | be used in industrial machines and consumer goods. |
| creates and the massive environmental changes | | | | Now synthetic polymers could be manipulated |
| caused by the death of innumerable species that | | | | chemically in order to create a material that was at |
| called the forests their home. Yet among all of these | | | | the same time durable, flexible, and reusable: a |
| causes of environmental pollution, one development | | | | material, in other words, like plastic. Following from |
| looms larger than any other. That development is the | | | | the development of cellulose and Bakelite in the late |
| economic miracle of the twentieth century: the | | | | nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, |
| revolution in plastics. | | | | respectively, plastic began to slowly conquer the |
| Strangely enough, plastics were developed as a | | | | world markets and to become the sine qua non of |
| solution to some of the other major causes of | | | | industrial technology. By the 1970s, the production of |
| environmental pollution in the nineteenth century. | | | | plastic had outmatched the production of steel |
| Animal and plant-based materials like ivory, rainforest | | | | worldwide. Surely the causes of environmental |
| wood, tortoiseshell, and rubber were recognized as | | | | pollution were trumped forever. |
| scarce and worthy of protection even in the | | | | But plastic was too durable and not reusable enough. |
| nineteenth century, an epoch known above all else as | | | | The non-biodegradable nature of plastic made it an |
| the time in which people believed in the "myth of | | | | excellent material for high-stress machines, but a |
| perpetual progress": the belief that mankind's destiny | | | | terrible material for preventing the causes of |
| was to dominate the creatures of the earth and | | | | environmental pollution--of which it quickly became |
| exploit them in order to build an ever-greater, | | | | one. Today, plastic debris fills 25% of landfills, and it'll |
| cleaner, and safer future. The fact that coal-burning | | | | continue to fill 25% of landfills for the foreseeable |
| smokestacks and river-ruining industrial development | | | | future. In trying to solve the causes of environmental |
| was the means by which this shining utopia was to | | | | pollution, we've created our own worst |
| be reached never seemed to register with people--or | | | | nightmare--and the dependency of industry on plastic |
| if it did, it was viewed as at best a transitional phase, | | | | means that no end is in sight. |
| something that would in time cease altogether to | | | | |